Which checks should be performed on the instruments controlled by the air data computer before flight?

Prior to flight, it is vital to ensure that all instruments controlled by the air data computer are functioning correctly to maintain safety and operational effectiveness. The comprehensive checks listed in the correct answer encompass critical instruments that provide essential data during flight.

Checking the altimeter is important as it ensures that the aircraft is operating at the correct altitude and that the pressure settings are accurate. The heading check ensures that navigational references are correct, allowing the pilot to maintain the intended flight path.

In addition, verifying the airspeed on the ground is necessary to avoid issues during takeoff and landing, where precise speed is crucial for safety. The altimeter setting also needs to be calibrated correctly to ensure altitude readings are accurate relative to the air pressure conditions at a given time.

Moreover, checking vertical speed and backup instruments helps confirm that the aircraft's performance indicators are reliable, providing redundancy in case the primary instruments fail.

By conducting all of these checks as outlined in the correct response, pilots can ensure that their instruments are correctly calibrated and functioning, which is critical for safe flight operations. This comprehensive approach to pre-flight checks reduces the likelihood of encountering issues during flight, ultimately enhancing safety.